-
Trump launches 'Board of Peace' at Davos
-
Stocks rally as Trump drops Greenland tariff threats
-
Mercedes unveil 2026 F1 car for new 2026 rules
-
Djokovic, Sinner plough on in Melbourne, Wawrinka makes history
-
Kitzbuehel's Hahnenkamm, the terrifying Super Bowl of skiing
-
'Oasis of stability': Madrid becomes luxury housing haven
-
Swiatek says packed tennis season makes it 'impossible' to switch off
-
Sloppy Osaka grinds past 'mad' Cirstea to stay alive at Australian Open
-
Iran Guards chief says 'finger on trigger', warns US against 'miscalculations'
-
Imperious Sinner barrels into Australian Open round three
-
Storms, heavy rain kill 9 children across Afghanistan
-
Games giant Ubisoft suffers share price collapse
-
Exhausted Wawrinka battles on in Melbourne farewell after five-set epic
-
'Too dangerous to go to hospital': a glimpse into Iran's protest crackdown
-
Bruised European allies wary after Trump's Greenland climbdown
-
Austrian ex-agent goes on trial in Russia spying case
-
Japan suspends restart of world's biggest nuclear plant
-
Djokovic, Swiatek roll into Melbourne third round, Keys defence alive
-
New Zealand landslips kill at least two, others missing
-
Djokovic says heaving Australian Open crowds 'good problem'
-
Swiatek in cruise control to make Australian Open third round
-
Austrian ex-agent to go on trial in Russia spying case
-
Bangladesh launches campaigns for first post-Hasina elections
-
Afghan resistance museum gets revamp under Taliban rule
-
Multiple people missing in New Zealand landslips
-
Sundance Film Festival hits Utah, one last time
-
Philippines convicts journalist on terror charge called 'absurd'
-
Anisimova grinds down Siniakova in 'crazy' Australian Open clash
-
Djokovic rolls into Melbourne third round, Keys defence alive
-
Vine, Narvaez take control after dominant Tour Down Under stage win
-
Chile police arrest suspect over deadly wildfires
-
Djokovic eases into Melbourne third round - with help from a tree
-
Keys draws on champion mindset to make Australian Open third round
-
Knicks halt losing streak with record 120-66 thrashing of Nets
-
Philippine President Marcos hit with impeachment complaint
-
Trump to unveil 'Board of Peace' at Davos after Greenland backtrack
-
Bitter-sweet as Pegula crushes doubles partner at Australian Open
-
Hong Kong starts security trial of Tiananmen vigil organisers
-
Keys into Melbourne third round with Sinner, Djokovic primed
-
Bangladesh launches campaigns for first post-Hasina polls
-
Stocks track Wall St rally as Trump cools tariff threats in Davos
-
South Korea's economy grew just 1% in 2025, lowest in five years
-
Snowboard champ Hirano suffers fractures ahead of Olympics
-
'They poisoned us': grappling with deadly impact of nuclear testing
-
Keys blows hot and cold before making Australian Open third round
-
Philippine journalist found guilty of terror financing
-
Greenlanders doubtful over Trump resolution
-
Real Madrid top football rich list as Liverpool surge
-
'One Battle After Another,' 'Sinners' tipped to top Oscar noms
-
Higher heating costs add to US affordability crunch
Hermit 'scribblings' of eccentric French maths genius unveiled
Tens of thousands of handwritten pages by one of the 20th century's greatest mathematicians, Alexander Grothendieck, many of which the eccentric genius penned while living as a hermit, were unveiled in France on Friday.
The unpublished manuscripts, which veer from maths to metaphysics, autobiography and even long musings on Satan, offer a unique insight into the enigmatic mind of the French mathematician, according to experts at the Paris library where they were donated.
Grothendieck, who died aged 86 in 2014, is considered by some to have revolutionised the field of mathematics in the way that Einstein did for physics.
His work on algebraic geometry earned him the 1966 Fields Medal, known as the Nobel prize of the maths world.
At that time Grothendieck was already a radical environmentalist and pacifist. But he withdrew from the world almost entirely in the early 1990s, in part to focus on what he referred to as his "scribblings".
While living as a hermit in the southern French village of Lasserre he frantically wrote "Reflections on Life and the Cosmos," one of the two main works added to the collection of the National Library of France (BnF) on Friday.
The massive tome includes 30,000 pages across 41 different volumes covering science, philosophy and psychology -- all densely scribbled with a fountain pen.
The second work, "The Key to Dreams or Dialogue with the Good Lord," is a typed manuscript in which he explores the interpretation of dreams.
These pages, which have previously circulated online, were written between 1987-1988.
- 'Completely cut ties' -
At that time, Grothendieck remained a professor at the University of Montpellier but had largely withdrawn from the mathematical community.
He became a recluse when he moved to Lasserre.
"He completely cut ties with his family, we could no longer communicate with him," his daughter Johanna Grothendieck told AFP.
"When we sent him a letter, it was returned to sender," said Johanna, a 64-year-old ceramic artist who travelled from southwest France to attend the ceremony at the library.
"Writing was his main activity," she added.
Towards the end of Grothendieck's life, a neighbour told his family that his health was deteriorating.
Johanna and one of her brothers were finally able to visit their father. It was than that they discovered "Reflections on Life and the Cosmos," which was meticulously catalogued in his library.
In his 1997 will, Grothendieck left the early sections of the tome to the BnF. Now his children have donated the rest.
"It was an extremely important work in his eyes. He even wanted to create a foundation to look after it," Johanna Grothendieck said.
- 'Ghosts of his past' -
Jocelyn Monchamp, a curator an the BnF, said the manuscripts were unique because they covered so many subjects at the same time yet formed a whole with "undeniable literary qualities".
This is particularly the case for the autobiographical volume "Harvest and Sowing", which depicts the author "in a metaphysical retreat," she said.
Monchamp has spent a month poring over the writing, trying to decipher the dense fountain pen text.
"I became used to it," she said, adding that at least Grothendieck methodically wrote the numbers and dates on all the pages.
In one of the sections, "Structures of the Psyche," enigmatic diagrams translate psychology into the language of algebra.
In another, "The Problem of Evil," Grothendieck muses over 15,000 pages on metaphysics and Satan.
One gets the feeling of a man "overtaken by the ghosts of his past," Johanna Grothendieck said.
The mathematician's father fled Germany during World War II, only to be handed by the Vichy France government to the Nazis and die at the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Experts expect it will take some time to fully understand Grothendieck's writing.
On Friday, the collection joined the manuscript department of the BnF, where it will only be accessible to researchers.
During the donation ceremony, one of the volumes was placed in a glass case next to a manuscript by ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, considered the father of geometry.
A.Zbinden--VB