Volkswacht Bodensee - French colonial legacy fades as Vietnam fetes independence

But there are darker legacies too -- in the notorious prisons that enforced foreign rule, and memorials to those slain fighting for independence.

As Vietnam marked the 80th anniversary of the declaration of independence from its European ruler with a grand parade on Tuesday, 24-year-old Huynh Nhung came to the capital, Hanoi, to take it all in.

"There are both good and bad sides," she told AFP, touring Hoa Lo Prison -- now a memorial partly dedicated to France's brutal treatment of Vietnamese colonial dissidents.

"France left a lot of pain for the country," she said, a few days before the event.

But when 40,000 soldiers and civilians begin marching, her thoughts will turn away from France's "story of the past" and towards Vietnam's eight decades of self-definition.

"Vietnam doesn't need to cling to another country or rely on another power to lead the nation," she said.

- French connection -

French Indochina was officially established in 1887 and eventually encompassed all of modern-day Vietnam, as well as neighbouring Cambodia and Laos.

A communist insurgency led by Ho Chi Minh ousted the colonial administration and declared independence on September 2, 1945.

Some French influence remains woven into the fabric of Vietnam's daily life.

Banh mi -- a delicacy fusing the imported French baguette with local Asian meat and vegetable fillings -- is one of the nation's most popular day snacks.

But 43-year-old Nguyen Thi Van, hawking the sandwiches in Hanoi's "French Quarter", said she "never really thought about the origins" of the cuisine.

"It's just always been there since my childhood," she shrugged.

The capital's streets, lined with colonial mansions that once housed French administrators, are now festooned with the red flags of independent communist Vietnam.

When soldiers goose-step down them, Carlyle Thayer -- Emeritus Professor at Australia's University of New South Wales -- anticipates little thought will be spared for France.

"I expect Vietnam's leaders will express pride in Vietnam's achievements over the last eight decades," he told AFP, predicting "minimal reference to French colonialism".

- Lingua Franco -

There are still pockets of French influence in Vietnam, enough to tantalise some schoolchildren into imagining a Francophone future.

Enrolled in French language classes, 10-year-old Linh Anh said she dreams of being a French teacher. Her classmate Ngoc Anh wants to be an architect "like Monsieur Eiffel".

Of Vietnam's 100 million people, around 650,000 still speak French -- mostly those who lived through the end of the colonial era or were born shortly after independence.

And around 30,000 schoolchildren study the language, according to official figures.

Hanoi's Doan Thi Diem School was the first in the capital to introduce French at primary level.

"French is a language of culture and diplomacy," 28-year-old teacher Luu Thanh Hang told AFP.

"It helps students, children, develop their critical thinking and their creativity."

But the language may be more a marker of cultural prestige than an economic asset, with few Francophone jobs in Vietnam and little migration to France.

But Vietnam has proven more interested in "bamboo diplomacy" -- a flexible approach aiming to steer good relations with all comers, including superpowers the United States and China.

On the streets of Hanoi, spectators gathered for the parade set to celebrate Vietnam above all else.

"Everyone who comes here shares that patriotic spirit," said 20-year-old Vu Thi Ngoc Linh, running a photo booth where attendees posed for souvenir snaps.

"I feel that every customer feels very proud to be a child of Vietnam."

C.Stoecklin--VB