Volkswacht Bodensee - Qatar 2022 - a one-off World Cup fantasy

Few countries could have afforded the $200 billion-plus bill that the tiny but super-wealthy emirate has paid for its spectacular transformation over the past 12 years.

The World Cup has become such an expensive and controversial behemoth that FIFA -- still reeling from the votes for Russia 2018 and Qatar 2022 -- may struggle to find a single country ready to shoulder the task of hosting.

The tournament is expanding to 48 teams when the circus moves to the United States, Canada and Mexico in 2026.

Qatar has been feeling the heat virtually since the day that its sports-crazy former emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, celebrated securing the tournament at a vote in December 2010.

A FIFA investigation into vote-buying allegations ruled there was no hard evidence to take action. But most of the 22-member committee that backed Qatar were replaced or investigated for corruption.

The tournament had to be moved from its traditional summer spot to the northern hemisphere winter because of Qatar's scorching heat.

But the first World Cup in an Arab nation has come under the most intense fire over Qatar's rights record -- ranging from the deaths and wages of migrant workers to women's rights and LGBTQ rights.

Qatar is an Islamic state that criminalises homosexuality and severely restricts alcohol.

Right up to kick-off, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (HRW) have been demanding that FIFA and Qatar sign up to a $440 million workers' compensation fund.

"The legacy of this World Cup 2022 depends on whether Qatar remedies with FIFA the deaths and other abuses of migrant workers who built the tournament, carries out recent labour reforms, and protects human rights for all in Qatar -– not just for visiting fans and footballers," Rothna Begum of HRW told AFP.

Michael Payne, former International Olympic Committee head of marketing, suggested that Qatar would not be in the spotlight to such an extent were it not the host nation.

"If Qatar was not staging the World Cup, would there be any media coverage about human rights issues?" he asked.

- 'Double standards' -

Qatar officials say their country has been the target of "racism" and "double standards". They point to the reforms on working conditions and safety that have been hailed as groundbreaking in the Gulf region and are now talking of "legal" action.

The current emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, said there had been an "unprecedented campaign" against his country that has built extraordinary stadiums and new roads, hotels and museums for the event.

Gianni Infantino, chief of world governing body FIFA, proclaimed that Qatar would stage the "best-ever" World Cup on and off the field.

For the one million foreign visitors, it will be "like a child going to Disneyland for the first time and seeing the attractions and toys", he told a press conference earlier this year.

Now the football multitudes are arriving to test those promises.

They are finding beers at $13 a half litre in the FIFA fan zone and rooms ranging from $40 a night in a workers' dormitory to thousands of dollars in palaces.

They are being watched by police from Turkey, Pakistan and Morocco, French gendarmes are advising and Britain's Royal Air Force is helping patrol the skies.

But the stadiums are all within 70 kilometres (43 miles) of each other, an array of rap stars have been lined up and public transport and emergency healthcare are free.

By comparison, the 2026 World Cup will be spread over several thousand kilometres in North America. The 2030 tournament will almost certainly be in at least two countries.

"The future is likely to attract more co- and multiple hosts," according to FIFA tournament director Colin Smith.

Qatar Airways chief executive Akbar Al-Baker, who has played a key role in preparations, highlighted the unique challenge of staging the World Cup in such a small country.

"This is the first time and the only time in history that something like this will take place, because never again will there be an opportunity for FIFA to host this size of tournament with the commitment that the state of Qatar and their highnesses had to get this tournament here and delivered successfully."

K.Thomson--BTB