Volkswacht Bodensee - Taiwan exporters count the cost of Trump's 'ridiculous' tariffs

While the final impact is not yet known, factory owners on the island are clear eyed on one thing: moving operations to the United States is easier said than done.

"Taiwan's structure is what makes this industry viable," the owner of a machine tool exporter told AFP on the condition of anonymity, highlighting the island's network of small and medium-sized factories supplying his company.

"There are so many components, like gears, belts and others -- the US doesn't have these industries. Setting up a factory in the US would not be worth it," he said, describing Trump's policy as "ridiculous".

From Wednesday, Taiwanese products shipped to the United States, including electronics, machinery components, auto parts and bicycles, will be hit with a hefty 32 percent levy.

It is part of Trump's far-reaching global tariffs that have rocked world markets and sparked recession fears, as he seeks to reduce the US trade deficit and push companies to shift manufacturing to American soil.

Many in Taiwan were stunned by the size of the duty, after chipmaking titan Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co's plan to invest an additional $100 billion in the United States raised hopes the island would be spared.

While chips have so far avoided tariffs, analysts have warned the critical sector could be impacted anyway as levies drive up the cost of iPhones, laptops and other technology, and reduce consumer demand.

- 'Unsophisticated understanding' -

Taiwanese companies have spent days calculating the impact on their operations and speaking to US clients about how to absorb the cost of the new tariff.

"They've been receiving a lot of calls or instructions," said Kristy Hsu, director of the Taiwan ASEAN Studies Center at Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research.

She told AFP that US customers have requested deliveries be postponed or prices lowered.

Companies were also trying to determine if their products contained at least 20 percent "American content", which could partially shield them from Trump's levy, she added.

During Trump's first term in office, US tariffs against China prompted many Taiwanese companies operating there to relocate to Southeast Asia to avoid the tax.

This time, however, there are fewer places to hide.

Trump has slugged imports from Vietnam and Thailand with 46 percent and 36 percent tariffs, respectively, and there was uncertainty about whether duties could be cut or raised even higher.

"Right now, the only option for setting up factories overseas is the United States, but the cost of doing so is extremely high," an official from an electronic industry group told AFP.

"This truly isn't something that can be done easily," she said, adding "we didn't expect the US would come down this hard."

Trump's across-the-board tariffs revealed an "unsophisticated understanding" of how supply chains worked, said Ho Ming-yen, non-resident fellow of the Research Institute for Democracy, Society and Emerging Technology.

- Levy 'impossible to absorb' -

Even if companies shifted their factories to the United States, they would still be slugged with tariffs on imported components needed for their products, Ho said.

Ho expected most Taiwanese companies would likely take a "wait-and-see" approach and cut costs as they "wait for the calamities to end".

Taiwan President Lai Ching-te said he had no plans for "retaliatory tariffs" against the United States, the island's most important security partner.

The government has pledged US$2.7 billion to help affected industries, but that was a "drop in the ocean" for what was needed, said Jason Hsu, senior fellow at the Hudson Institute think-tank.

Hsu estimated tariffs would cost Taiwanese exporters US$15 billion-US$20 billion a year.

To secure any relief from Trump, Taiwan needed to come up with deals for the president, said Hsu, a former member of Taiwan's legislature for the opposition Kuomintang party.

"Trump doesn't care about allies and partnerships, he cares about how much business you can bring to the US," Hsu said.

The machine tool exporter said the United States was a "very important market" for the company, accounting for 30-40 percent of its sales.

While the business would survive in the short term, the owner hoped Taiwan could strike a deal with Washignton.

"A four to five percent hike we can split (with our clients) and absorb," he said.

"But 32 percent is impossible to absorb. Our profit margin isn't that high."

G.Haefliger--VB